The Caribbean serenely belies its past. Hidden, not very far below the surface, are dynamic and powerful episodes in human history, sometimes brutal, gruesome and exceedingly unfair to the disavantaged who were exploited beyond measure and yet, have managed to survive and even thrive. Its all here ... and it touches all of us.
Note: Links to this page are welcome but don't steal my content. The Internet Archive 'Wayback Machine' figures heavily in this compilation. They do great work, so please help them out with a donation.
Definition of 'Caribbean' (google.com)
Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal - Caribbean Literary Studies | Archives - University of Miami
Archives Hub The Archives Hub provides a gateway to thousands of the UK's richest archives. Representing over 180 institutions across the country, the Archives Hub is an effective way to discover unique and often little-known sources to support your research. - "The archival record is the direct, uninterpreted and authentic voice of the past: the primary evidence of what people did and what they thought... The archival record is the foundation on which we build all our histories".
Black Presence: Asian and Black History in Britain (National Archives Exhibitions & Learning)
'Black Presence: Asian and Black History in Britain' is a partnership between The National Archives (formerly the Public Record Office) and the Black and Asian Studies Association (BASA), funded by the New Opportunities Fund. The exhibition covers Black and Asian history in Britain from 1500 to 1850.
British West Indies Study Circle (BWISC) | Publications List, 2021
A site promoting study of stamps and postal history in the British West Indies and British colonies.
Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS)
Canadian Foundation for the Americas (FOCAL)
(The) Caribbean American Heritage of Florida Inc. (CAHFI) is a statewide not-for-profit corporation incorporated in the State of Florida for the purpose of developing awareness and recognition of Caribbean-Americans and their contribution to the United States of America.
Caribbean & Middle America from Every Culture (everyculture.com)
Caribbean Antilles Timeline, 21st Century
Timeline of the stories linked to the articles and displayed as icons. Site is old but is an interesting application.
Caribbean Collections | Caribbean Views in The British Library
Caribbean Compass: World Footprints
Explore the history of the popular Caribbean islands and each island's respective cultural heritage
Caribbean Countries from World Culture Encyclopedia
Caribbean from Countries Quest. General Information. Based on Microsoft Encarta Online.
Caribbean Cultural Studies by Marsha Pearce
Cultural Studies is a scholarly space that makes room for input from various theoretical traditions under an overarching concern with the effects of social power relations and a critique of the production, circulation and negotiation of meaning in everyday life.
Caribbean Flags (Flags of the World)
Caribbean Histories Revealed - National Archives (UK)
This exhibition looks at the history of the British Caribbean through Colonial Office government documents held at The National Archives, focusing on the period between 1780 and 1926. Topics included are the Transatlantic Slave Trade, colonialism, political conflicts, and struggles for freedom. Documents used include public and private correspondence, petitions, maps, reports, sketches and photographs. The website contains some 50 images, as well as a glossary, bibliography, and links to other sites.This page provides an introduction to the Caribbean and aspects of its history, such as: the expansion of the British Empire and its impact on indigenous peoples, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, slavery and resistance, and culture-building.
Caribbean History from caribbeanislands.us (good general information)
Caribbean History from Lesson Planet
Caribbean History from Geographia.com
Caribbean History from historycentral.com (1850 results)
Your source for everything on American History and World History. Special sections on: Americas Wars, American Presidential elections, Civic, Aviation History, The Sixties,and much more.
Caribbean History from Internet Public Library
ipl2: Information You Can Trust features a searchable, subject-categorized directory of authoritative websites; links to online texts, newspapers, and magazines; and the Ask an ipl2 Librarian online reference service.
Caribbean History from madeinatlantis.com
Caribbean History Timeline - The Caribbean Memory Project
The Caribbean Memory Project promotes public awareness and participation in the collection and circulation of everyday archives for cultural, social, and historical research. Includes timelines for Caribbean countries.
Caribbean History Timeline - Afropedia
Caribbean & West Indies @ World Atlas | Caribbean History Timeline (@ archive.org, 2020)
Caribbean Islands History Index (geographic.org)
Caribbean from New World Celts
Caribbean History from The Open Directory Project (dmoz-odp.org)
Caribbean Historic Sites & Interpretive Centres (worldweb.com @ archive.org, from January 2011)
Caribbean History from Stanford University Library
Caribbean History sub-categories (Wikipedia)
Caribbean History from World History Archives
Caribbean History Links from World History Compass (archive.org from 2011)
Caribbean History Timeline from Caribya (archive.org, 2020)
Caribbean Photos and Vintage Postcards (@ archive.org, 2016)
Caribbean Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives (CARBICA)
Caribbean Resources (2015) at Latin American Network Information Center (LANIC) , The University of Texas at Austin
Caribbean Resources & Collections at the Yale University Library: Yale Archives
Caribbean Roots by Guy Grannum
Guy Grannum – Caribbean Connections
Guy Grannum has been writing and speaking about Caribbean Family History for 25 years.
Caribbean Stamps and Postcards
Caribbean Studies Black and Asian History (CASBAH) (webarchive.org.uk)
Welcome to CASBAH, a pilot web site for research resources relating to Caribbean Studies and the history of Black and Asian peoples in the UK.
Caribbean: History and Timeline from: History World
Caribbean Studies from Rand Corp.
The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.
Caribbean Thought (Philosophy) at PHILWEB, edited by Richard L. W. Clarke (archive.org)
Caribbean Travel Guide (The Culture Trip)
The Best Travel, Food and Culture Guides for Caribbean. Based in New York.
Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies at Brown-Watson University, Providence, RI
Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean at Manchester University
Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CLACS) at New York University
Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC) at York University, Toronto
Christopher Columbus Institute for Discovery and Exploration, Liberty Park, USA Foundation, Boise, Idaho (libertyparkusafd.org @ archive.org, 2019)Codrington College - Historical Overview by John. W. Holder
Comitas Institute for Anthropological Study (CIFAS) | Caribbean Bibliographic Database (CIFAS)
The Digitized Caribbeana: 1900-1975 is a bibliographic database topically organized to facilitate scholarly research on the non-Hispanic countries of the region.
Cuban and Caribbean History and Culture from Caribe Insider
Cuban Heritage Collection - University of Miami
Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC)
Disputatious Societies - The English Caribbean - c.1620-1720, Dr Sarah Barber, Lancashire U (archive.org, 2009)
Elements of Caribbean History, Modern Latin America, 8th Edition Companion Website, Brown University Library
Etudes caribiennes Journal, includes English translation for articles.
The Hacking Family's Caribbean
History of Carnival (carnivalpower.com) (provided by @ archive.org, 2021)
The indigenous peoples of the Caribbean region include: Arawak, Boriquen, Carib, Ciboney, Ciguayo, Garifuna, Guanahatabey, Igneri, Kalinago, Lucayan, Macorix, San Blas and Taino. Historians have estimated that the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the West Indies numbered approximately six million in 1492. (Brereton) The vast majority of these peoples were massacred by Europeans or succumbed to disease and the effects of enslavement. The view that all indigeneous people have disappeared has now come into serious question. There are still many living descendants of the original peoples to the present day.
"Still to be accurately accounted, and still counting, Tobago is estimated to have changed international ownership some 29 times [JH]; and in the process suffered the extermination of the population of at least seven local Amerindian tribes; the Arawaks, Chaimas, Tamanaques, Salives, Chaguanes, Quaquas and Caribs; the last being divided into four sub-groupings, the Nepoios, Yaios, Carinepagotos and Cumanagotos [JH]. The island however gained a large African slave population, who sustained stronger than is usual their African traditions; and who provided the ancestry to the majority of todays population (~90%)"
(Trinidad & Tobago: A brief New-World History by Jeremy G de Barry)
Institute of Caribbean Studies
The Institute of Caribbean Studies (ICS) is a non-partisan, non-profit 501 (c)(3) organization established in 1993 dedicated to education, advocacy and action on issues that impact on Caribbean Americans.
Institute of Commonwealth Studies (was: Routes to Roots - Caribbean Online)
Internet Archive Search: subject:"Caribbean"
Internet Archive Search: subject:"West Indies"
Island Studies (U PEI Canada) | Google search: site:islandstudies.ca caribbean filetype:pdf - 298 results:
Jamaica's Documentary Heritage
The National Library of Jamaica has undertaken to compile a register of the little known but significant heritage documents of the Caribbean.
Jamaica History Timeline by Jamelia Barrett
Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies | JECS
We publish original articles interrogating social and economic conditions relevant to this region as well as to other small island states. Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies
Kacike - The Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology (@ archive.org, 2009): ISSN 1562-5028
KITLV/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies | New West Indian Guide - KITLV
Published continuously since 1919, the New West Indian Guide is the oldest scholarly journal on the Caribbean.
Latin America & Caribbean Studies at Carleton University, Ottawa
Latin American & Caribbean Studies - Duke University Library, Durham, NC
https://www.sath.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Complete-SATH-Year-Book-2018.pdf -->Latin American and Caribbean Center at Florida International University, Miami, FL
Latin American Studies - George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
Latin American and Caribbean at International Development Research Centre (IDRC-Canada)
Latin American & Caribbean Studies - NorthWestern University, Weinberg College, Evanston, IL
Latin American Studies Association, U Pittsburg
The Latin American Studies Association (LASA) is the largest professional Association in the world for individuals and institutions engaged in the study of Latin America.
Latin America Studies Program - Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
Latin American Open Archives Portal, U Texas at Austin
Latin American & Caribbean Study Centre - University of the West Indies
Netherlands Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies
North American Travel Guide from National Geographic. Includes Caribbean countries.
North American Congress on Latin America - NACLA | The Other Side of Paradise by Kevin Edmonds
The NACLA is an independent, nonprofit organization founded in 1966 that works toward a world in which the nations and peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean are free from oppression and injustice, and enjoy a relationship with the United States based on mutual respect, free from economic and political subordination. To that end, our mission is to provide information and analysis on the region, and on its complex and changing relationship with the United States, as tools for education and advocacy - to foster knowledge beyond borders.
The Other Side of Paradise by Kevin Edmonds: This blog provides a critical analysis on both the problems and possibilities for progressive political and social change throughout the region - incorporating contributions from those putting ideas into action to keep the region moving forward. NACLA is based in New York.
Norman Girvan Norman Girvan was Professor Emeritus of the University of the West Indies. He was also Professorial Research Fellow at the UWI Graduate Institute of International Relations. He died in April 2014 after a tragic fall while on a research trip in Cuba.
The American Yawp
Unchecked by profit motives or business models, and free from for-profit educational organizations, The American Yawp* is by scholars, for scholars. All contributors-experienced college-level instructors-volunteer their expertise to help democratize the American past for twenty-first century classrooms.
In particular, see: 4. Colonial Society, Part III Slavery, Anti-Slavery and Atlantic Exchange
* Yawp \yôp\ n: 1: a raucous noise 2: rough vigorous language; "I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world." Walt Whitman, 1855.
Outline of Objects and Topics in 1492 - An Ongoing Voyage Exhibit
Pirates
Political Database of the Americas (PDBA) - Center for Latin American Studies at Georgetown University and the OAS
Records of the West India Committee, Collection Description: - AIM25; Papers of Henry Isbell; Allied Materials (ICS 96 & ICS 97)
Research Institute for the Study of Man - RISM (Overview at: The Collections of RISM at New York University)
The Research Institute for the Study of Man, founded by Vera Rubin in 1955. Its primary goals were to field train students, support Caribbean based scholars, and perform multidisciplinary research in the English-speaking Caribbean. RISM houses an extensive library collection of Caribbean materials, conducts research, provides grants, and supports & organizes scholarly exchanges, publications, & conferences... About RISM
Society for Caribbean Studies Conference Papers Archive (UK)
The Caribbean, Chapter 5.4 in World Regional Geography: People, Places and Globalization, Social Sciences LibreText Open Textbook Library
The Caribbean in the Past and in the Present (caribya.com @ archive.org, 2020)
Trinidad History Timeline (itzcaribbean.com)
West Indies, island group, Atlantic Ocean by Bridget M. Brereton
The shape and alignment of the Greater Antilles are determined by an ancient chain of folded and faulted mountains that in Cretaceous times extended from Central America through the Caribbean. Running west-east, this system is now mostly submerged by the Atlantic and the Caribbean, but remnants of it are visible in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica and in the Sierra de los Órganos and the Sierra Maestra in Cuba. Duarte Peak, in the Dominican Republic, another component of this range, rises to 10,417 feet (3,175 metres) and is the highest point in the Caribbean. Besides interior mountain peaks, each Greater Antillean island has an encircling coastal plain.
Geographical and historical treatment of the West Indies. Professor in History, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad. Author of A History of Modern Trinidad; Law, Justice and Empire: The Colonial Career of John Gorrie, 1829-1892; Race Relations in Colonial Trinidad 1870-1900; ... Google Books: Bridget Brereton
Caribbean History (Category) | Search for Caribbean History in The Open Directory
Isn't it ironic that while slaves were legislated to remain as workers on an estate long after abolition took place, plantation owners were not obligated to do so. Many plantation owners abandoned their land and slaves were often left in the care of an overseer or to fend for themselves.
Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1807 (BBC History)
(The) Abolition Project (East of England Broadband Network)
(The) Atlantic Slave Trade and Slave Life in the Americas: A Visual Record by Jerome S. Handler and Michael L. Tuite Jr.
The 1,280 images in this collection have been selected from a wide range of sources, most of them dating from the period of slavery. This collection is envisioned as a tool and a resource that can be used by teachers, researchers, students, and the general public - in brief, anyone interested in the experiences of Africans who were enslaved and transported to the Americas and the lives of their descendants in the slave societies of the New World. © 2015, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and University of Virginia
Barbados Slave and Slavery History by Jerome S. Handler (jeromehandler.org)
This website brings together a selected list of my publications which have appeared since the early 1960's in widely scattered sources. These publications treat a variety of topics dealing with slavery in Barbados and the Atlantic World as well as some aspects of production activities in modern rural Barbados.
Bristol and Transatlantic Slavery - Discovering Bristol
The Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slave-ownership
Legacies of British Slave-ownership is the umbrella for two projects based at UCL tracing the impact of slave-ownership on the formation of modern Britain. The Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slave-ownership has been established at UCL with the generous support of the Hutchins Center at Harvard. The Centre will build on two earlier projects based at UCL tracing the impact of slave-ownership on the formation of modern Britain: the ESRC-funded Legacies of British Slave-ownership project (2009-2012), and the ESRC and AHRC-funded Structure and significance of British Caribbean slave-ownership 1763-1833 (2013-2015).
Colonial slavery shaped modern Britain and we all still live with its legacies. The slave-owners were one very important means by which the fruits of slavery were transmitted to metropolitan Britain. We believe that research and analysis of this group are key to understanding the extent and the limits of slavery's role in shaping British history and leaving lasting legacies that reach into the present. The stories of enslaved men and women, however, are no less important than those of slave-owners, and we hope that the database produced in the first two phases of the project, while at present primarily a resource for studying slave-owners, will also provide information of value to those researching enslaved people.
Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism (Holt House)
Documenting the American South
How Slavery Helped Build a World Economy at National Geographic
International Slavery Museum, Liverpool
The International Slavery Museum highlights the international importance of slavery, both in a historic and contemporary context. Working in partnership with other museums with a focus on freedom and enslavement, the museum provides opportunities for greater awareness and understanding of the legacy of slavery today. | About
Internet Archive Search: subject:"Slavery"
Parliament and The British Slave Trade (UK)
Recovered Histories
Anti-Slavery International has digitised its collection of 18th and 19th century literature on the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Recovered Histories captures the narratives of the enslaved, enslavers, slave ship surgeons, abolitionists, parliamentarians, clergy, planters and rebels.
Use the themed narratives as starting points or "Search Collection" to explore over 40,000 pages in the collection.
Recovered histories is a project funded by the National Heritage Lottery Fund to digitise Anti-Slavery International's BINN collection of anti and pro slavery pamphlets from the 18th and 19th century.
Rum, Sugar And Slavery (West Africa Cooks, 2017)
This article is about rum, sugar and human property; a tapestry of trade woven into the histories of the Caribbean, Britain, America and Africa.
'Shipped for the Barbadoes'
"While the government encouraged enemy soldiers to leave the country, a different fate awaited those civilians unsuitable for military service. In the early decades of the seventeenth century, England acquired a number of islands in the Caribbean, such as Barbados and Montserrat, and began to develop lucrative tobacco and sugar plantations. African slaves provided most of the field labour, but a demand also existed for indentured servants of European stock, who worked for a fixed period of time, 'under a yoke harsher than that of the Turks', before eventually obtaining their freedom. From the 1630s, official accounts record the arrival of the Irish in the Caribbean, many of them kidnapped by press-gangs operating in the vicinity of the principal ports in Munster. The journey across the Atlantic took almost three months, and those who survived the crossing found living and working conditions on the plantations extremely harsh. After seven years of service, a handful did acquire small landholdings, but none that we know of ever returned to Ireland
The outbreak of the rebellion in 1641 temporarily disrupted the Atlantic trade, but transportations resumed after Cromwell's invasion in August 1649. The first shipment occurred towards the end of that year, when, after the storming of Drogheda, Oliver Cromwell ordered the few surviving members of the garrison to be sent to Barbados. Over the coming years, thousands of military prisoners were sold in perpetuity to plantation-owners to work in the fields, effectively as slaves. Despite the departure of so many soldiers to the Continent at the end of the war, small Tory bands continued to pose a serious, if localised, military threat throughout the 1650s. Local parliamentary commanders usually executed captured Tories, or else arranged for them to be shipped to the Caribbean, along with those civilians accused of assisting them.
The war had also created a large number of widows and orphans, many of them destitute and homeless. Over the next ten years, unscrupulous merchants shipped thousands of these Catholic women and children across the Atlantic. The authorities in Dublin, concerned by the 'great multitudes of poor swarming in all parts of this nation', welcomed this trade as a means of clearing the country of vagrants. They also periodically emptied the jails by sending shiploads of convicts to the colonies, a practice that continued until the late nineteenth century, with Australia replacing the West Indies as the principal destination. In 1655, as part of the war against Spain, an English fleet captured Jamaica. Shortly afterwards, the government in Ireland arranged for over 2,000 Catholic boys and girls to be transported there in an attempt to repopulate the island.
The Irish did not always meekly accept their fate. In 1655, runaway Irish and African slaves in Barbados began attacking local militia forces, killing plantation-owners and destroying crops. It took the authorities the best part of two years to suppress the disorder. The island continued to be plagued by vagrant Irish, encouraging slaves to rebel against their masters. Some of the more adventurous managed to escape from English-controlled territory to the French colonies, such as the Leeward or Windward Islands, while others joined the numerous pirate fleets that roamed freely throughout the Caribbean for much of the seventeenth century. The collapse of the Cromwellian regime and the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660 brought an end to large-scale transportations. Most of the Irish indentured servants had been freed by 1680, although shipments of convicted Tories continued throughout the reign of Charles II. Their descendants continue to reside in the Caribbean, particularly on the island of Montserrat, where Irish surnames such as O'Connor, Fitzgerald and O'Carroll are still to be found today".
"Over 60,000 Irish Catholics had been sent as slaves to Barbados, and other islands in the Caribbean by Oliver Cromwell". (source: New World Celts)
Slave registers, Norfolk Record Office
These registers were compiled between c1812 and 1834 and the information they contain varies across the former colonies.
However, they were updated every three years or so, making them very useful in establishing who was born, who died and who was moved in between updates.
Properties 1600-1830 and Slavery Connections (English Heritage) (PDF)
Slave Valleys, Peasant Ridges: Topography, Colour and Land Settlement on Dominica. by Lennox Honychurch (UWI, Cave Hill, Barbados)
Slavery, Abolition, and Emancipation by Brycchan Carey, PhD (brycchancarey.com)
Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive Gale Digital Collections
The world's largest archive on the history of slavery. (Requires Subscription)
Slavery - the Epsom and Ewell Connection
Slavery History - History in Focus Series, 2007
History in Focus invited eight academics to write short pieces on various aspects of slavery, the slave trade and its abolition from their own research perspectives. The resulting articles cover a broad range of issues, including resistance among slaves, runaway slave communities, proslavery arguments in the British West Indies, aspects of abolishing the slave trade including the economic consequences, and memories of slavery in Africa. We hope they will be of interest to historians and students of slavery and its consequences which still resonate today. The Institute of Historical Research (IHR, U London) provides resources for historians, including a major research library, digital projects, seminars and lectures, conferences, books and journals, podcasts and Ma/PhD study and research training.
Slavery and Revolution
A showcase of excerpts from letters written by Simon Taylor (1738-1813), a slaveholder and plantation owner who lived in Jamaica during a period characterised by revolution, war, and imperial reform.
"Slavery" at Google Books
Many books have a preview and full view mode.
Slavery in the Circuit of Sugar: Martinique and the World Economy, 1830-1848 (Review by Christopher Chase-Dunn)
Slavery and Anti-slavery (gale.com)
The world’s largest archive on the history of slavery.
Exploring the Early Americas, Exhibition at The Library of Congress
Sugar and Slavery: Molasses to Rum to Slaves by JM West (docplayer.net)
The British Slave Trade and its abolition 1770-1807 (BBC archived page)
Google search for : The slave trade at The Royal Museums Greenwich, UK (1,230 results)
The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery at The Library of Congress Country Studies
The Negro Family in British Guiana (U Chicago)
The slave trade - a historical background - British Library
Transatlantic slave trade: legacies of the past & building the future (UNESCO)
Prominent academics, researchers, authors and other global experts - including members of the International Scientific Committee of UNESCO’s Routes of Enslaved Peoples project - gathered from 9 to 11 June 2022 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, to discuss the causes, consequences and impacts of the transatlantic slave trade. This was the Committee’s first meeting in North America.
Understanding Slavery Initiative
The transatlantic slave trade was responsible for the forced migration of between 12 - 15 million people from Africa to the Western Hemisphere from the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 19th century. The trafficking of Africans by the major European countries during this period is sometimes referred to by African scholars as the Maafa ('great disaster' in Swahili). It's now considered a crime against humanity.
The slave trade not only led to the violent transportation overseas of millions of Africans but also to the deaths of many millions more. Nobody knows the total number of people who died during slave raiding and wars in Africa, during transportation and imprisonment, or in horrendous conditions during the so-called Middle Passage, the voyage from Africa to the Americas.
The kidnapping of Africans occurred mainly in the region that now stretches from Senegal to Angola. However, in the 19th century some enslaved Africans were also transported across the Atlantic from parts of eastern and south-eastern Africa.
Voyages - Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Study Centre and Database
A major resource for the study of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, includes a "voyages" database, an African names database and lesson plans.
Walkes Family History by Joseph A. Walkes
Despite the free status of the Blacks in Barbados, the position of the free Black population throughout the period of slavery was a tenuous one, since they enjoyed few civil rights.
We Scots must face up to our slave trading past by
Kevin McKenna, Opinion, The Guardian, 2015
Wilberforce and slavery Wilberforce House Museum
Historical Slavery Images from:Negro Artist (negroartist.com) (Site no longer active, for record only)
These images have been derived from the website, "Atlantic Slave Trade and Slave Life in the Americas: A Visual Record" (See above)
Bessemer's Cane Press (archive.org)
Big Sugar, CBC Documentary: Part 1: Video unavailable; This video contains content from Lasso Group, who has blocked it on copyright grounds, Part 2 (YouTube, posted by Albert Axon)
Braga Brothers Collection One of the richest archival sources on the modernization and expansion of the Cuban sugar industry. (Online collection)
Cambridge World History of Food - Sugar by J. H. Galloway (@ archive.org/, 2014)
Dominican Batey (Dominican Republic Sugar Workers' Town) (wiki)
Ethanol From Sugar Cane - Caribbean Style (ezinearticles.com)
Internet Archive Search: subject: "Sugar"
History of Sugar - Sugar Nutrition UK (archive.org from 2016)
Jamaican Sugar Cane Processing
History of Sugar at Sugar Association
How Sugar Changed the World by Heather Whipps, June 02, 2008, Live Science
Sugar Cane (wiki)
Sugar Production - Barbados Tourism Encyclopedia
Sugar Production from Sugar Cane
Sugar Refiners & Sugarbakers by Bryan Mawer | Sources and Reading List
Sugar Trade in the Caribbean is White Gold, PBS Learning
The Sugar Trade in the West Indies and Brazil Between 1492 and 1700 by Mark Johnston (University of Minnesota) (@ archive.org, 2021)
Sugar Factories (US-VI)
Sugar Online - The definitive online sugar resource
Sugar Trade from Questia Books (@ archive.org, 2008)
The High Price of Sugar by Susan Miller, Newsweek (Special Issue, Fall/Winter 1991)
The Sugar Trade in the West Indies and Brazil Between 1492 and 1700
The West Indies and Sugar, Episode 22 BBC Documentary
West Indies Sugarcane Breeding Station
Sugar Companies (wiki)
British Sugar London, UK
What is Sugar? Czarnikow, London, UK
1913 Barbados Plantations and Owners Names (creolelinks.com)
List of plantations in Barbados (Wikipedia)
Annaberg Sugar Plantation St. John's
Annaberg Sugar Plantation Ruins & Trail St. John's
Barbados plantation legal papers at: Senate House Library, University of London
Will of James Dotin, 1745; inventory of Mount Edge plantation, Barbados; indenture regarding sale of Baxter Valley by John and Elizabeth Dotin to William Duke, 1749; disposition by Edward Hay regarding authenticity of these documents, 1773.
Barbados Plantations Index According to Parishes (creolelinks.com)
Barbados Plantations (barbados-beaches-plus.com)
Belmont Estate Grenada, Belmont Estate History
Betty's Hope Sugar Plantation, Antigua (@ archive.org, 2010)
Betty's Hope Sugar Plantation, Antigua (antiguanice.com)
Castle Wemyss Estate papers, Jamaica at: Institute of Commonwealth Studies
The records comprise deeds and legal, administrative and financial papers relating to the Castle Wemyss Estate, Jamaica, 1802-1845.
Cotton House St. Vincent
Drax Hall Barbados
Follow the Chimneys Loyalist-era landmarks lead the way to uncovering plantation ruins in the Caicos Islands.
Francia Plantation Barbados
Golden Rock Plantation Inn Nevis
(The) Hermitage Nevis
Hewitt, William papers at: Senate House Library, University of London
Collection of papers concerned chiefly with Hewitt's work in the West Indies 1767-1771 and 1776-1781, financial papers and accounts, 1759-1781; a diary of his voyage to the West Indies, 1766; correspondence, 1772-1781, especially to the Treasury Board concerning his salary; documents concerning personal property, mainly bonds concerning payment for Crown lands in Dominica, 1767-1777, and papers relating to slaves owned by Hewitt, 1768-1781; legal papers, 1768-1781; official papers concerning land in Tobago, St Vincent and Dominica, 1764-1781, including commissioners' instructions, surveys, maps and correspondence; papers created following the death of William Hewitt, mainly relating to the settlement of his estate, 1781-1790.
Hidden History Uncovering the mysteries of the Caicos Islands plantations.
Jamaican Estates in 1837: contributed by Ernest Wiltshire
Jamaica: Estates, Plantations and Pens with a Great House in Trelawny prior to Emancipation
Jamaican Great Houses Jamaica National Heritage Trust
Jamaican Sugar Works Jamaica National Heritage Trust
Jamaican Sugar Plantations (bristolreads.com)
Legal papers relating to estates in Jamaica at: Senate House Library, University of London
Papers relating to Stephen Drew's Jamaica tontine and to the estate of Adam Smith of Bossue, Manchester, Jamaica, and of the Dry Sugar Works Estate tontine
Martinique Heritage Plantations (zananas-martinique.com)
Morgan Lewis Sugar Mill Barbados (The only windmill in Barbados still in operation) | The History of the Barbados Sugar Cane Industry (funbarbados.com)
Montpelier Plantation Nevis
Surveying Caribbean Cultural Landscapes: Mount Plantation, Barbados, and its global connections by Jonathan Finch, Douglas Armstrong, Edward Blinkhorn and David Barker (Mount Plantation, Barbados)
Mountravers Plantation Nevis by Christine Eickelmann and David Small
Mullin's Mill Barbados (google)
Nevis Historic Ruins (@ archive.org, 2015
Newton family papers at: Senate House Library, University of London
Collection of papers relating to the Newton and Seawells plantations in Barbados, 1706-1826, including accounts and financial documents, estate management reports, valuations, surveys, and correspondence.
Ottley's Plantation Inn, St. Kitts (facebook.com)
In Glasgow, our part in the slave trade, especially in the Caribbean, is inescapable: Jamaica Street, Tobago Street and the Kingston BridgePlantation System: Mintz, Curtin & Watts
Plantation Technology in the West Indies
Rawlin's Plantation, St. Kitts (@ archive.org, 2007)
River Antoine Estate Grenada, The Grenada Revolution Online
Ruins of Sugar Plantations St. Johns (USVI)
St. Nicholas Abbey Barbados
Sugar Estates of St. Kitts A Photo Essay by Dr. Grant Cornwell
Sugar Plantations in the Caribbean (Wikipedia)
Sunbury Plantation House Barbados (@ archive.org, 2006)
The Register of Hall Family Papers and Sugar Plantation Records 1709 - 1892 U of Cal - San Diego
Family History of Jamaica West Indies (Personal Site with lots of great info)
History of the West Indies from History World
The West Indies Federation from Answers.com
Scots in the West Indies, 1707-1857 (geni.com)
Google Advanced Scholar Search for: Slavery
Google Advanced Scholar Search for: Sugar
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